Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wesibindi

Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Mayelana Nomdlavuza Wesibindi

Umdlavuza wesibindi yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akheka khona ezicutshini zesibindi.

Isibindi singesinye sezitho ezinkulu emzimbeni. Sinezingqimba ezimbili futhi sigcwalisa uhlangothi olungaphezulu kwesokudla lwesisu ngaphakathi kwekheji lezimbambo. Emithathu yemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yesibindi yile:

• Ukuhlunga izinto eziyingozi egazini ukuze zikwazi ukudluliselwa emzimbeni ngendle nasemchameni.
• Ukwenza inyongo isize ekugayeni amafutha ekudleni.
• Ukugcina i-glycogen (ushukela), umzimba owusebenzisela amandla.

Ukuthola nokwelapha umdlavuza wesibindi kusenesikhathi kungavimbela ukufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo ezithile zegciwane le-hepatitis kungabangela i-hepatitis futhi kungaholela kumdlavuza wesibindi.

I-hepatitis ivame ukubangelwa yigciwane le-hepatitis. I-hepatitis yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ukulimala kwesibindi ngenxa ye-hepatitis okuhlala isikhathi eside kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

I-Hepatitis B (HBV) kanye ne-hepatitis C (HCV) yizinhlobo ezimbili zegciwane le-hepatitis. Ukutheleleka okungapheli nge-HBV noma i-HCV kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

1. I-Hepatitis B

I-HBV ibangelwa ukuthintana negazi, isidoda, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane le-HBV. Ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ngokuxhumana ngokocansi, noma ngokwabelana ngezinaliti ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa. Kungabangela izibazi esibindini (i-cirrhosis) ezingaholela kumdlavuza wesibindi.

2. I-Hepatitis C

I-HCV ibangelwa ukuthintana negazi lomuntu onegciwane le-HCV. Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngokwabelana ngezinaliti ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa noma, kaningi, ngokuxhumana ngokocansi. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakusatshalaliswa ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba. Namuhla, amabhange egazi ahlola lonke igazi elinikelwe nge-HCV, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola leli gciwane ngokumpontshelwa igazi. Kungabangela izibazi esibindini (i-cirrhosis) ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wesibindi

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile. Izici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele. Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nendlela ongayinciphisa ngayo ingozi yakho yomdlavuza.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B no-C okungapheli kuyizinto ezingabangela umdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuba ne-hepatitis B (HBV) engapheli noma i-hepatitis C engapheli (HCV) kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi. Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu kubantu abane-HBV ne-HCV, kanye nakubantu abanezinye izici eziyingozi ngaphezu kwegciwane le-hepatitis. Amadoda ane-HBV noma ukutheleleka kwe-HCV okungapheli anamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wesibindi kunabesifazane abane-infection efanayo engapheli.

Ukutheleleka kwe-HBV okungapheli kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesibindi e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ukutheleleka kwe-HCV okungapheli kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesibindi eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseJapane.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezingabangela ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi:

1. Isifo sofuba

Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi iyanda kubantu abane-cirrhosis, isifo lapho izicubu zesibindi ezinempilo zithathelwa indawo yizicubu zesibazi. Izicubu zesibazi zivimba ukugeleza kwegazi esibindini futhi zivimbele ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Utshwala obungapheli kanye nokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis okungamahlalakhona kuyizimbangela ezivamile ze-cirrhosis. Abantu abane-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-HCV basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi kunabantu abane-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-HBV noma ukusebenzisa utshwala.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obuningi

Ukusebenzisa utshwala obuningi kungabangela i-cirrhosis, okuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wesibindi. Umdlavuza wesibindi ungavela nakubantu abasebenzisa utshwala obuningi abangenayo i-cirrhosis. Abantu abasebenzisa utshwala obuningi abane-cirrhosis banamathuba aphindwe kayishumi okuthola umdlavuza wesibindi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abasebenzisa utshwala obuningi abangenayo i-cirrhosis.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kukhona nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesibindi kubantu abane-HBV noma i-HCV abasebenzisa utshwala kakhulu.

3. I-Aflatoxin B1

Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi ingandiswa ngokudla ukudla okuqukethe i-aflatoxin B1 (ubuthi obuvela ku-fungus obungakhula ekudleni, njengommbila namantongomane, okugcinwe ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama). Kuvame kakhulu e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, naseShayina.

4. I-steatohepatitis engeyona eyotshwala (i-NASH)

I-Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yisimo esingabangela izibazi esibindini (i-cirrhosis) ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi. Yisimo esibi kakhulu sesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala (i-NAFLD), lapho kukhona khona inani elingavamile lamafutha esibindini. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) nokulimala kwamaseli esibindi.

Ukuba ne-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-NASH kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi. Umdlavuza wesibindi utholakale nakubantu abane-NASH abangenayo i-cirrhosis.

5. Ukubhema ugwayi

Ukubhema ugwayi kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wesibindi. Ingozi iyanda ngenani likagwayi obhenywayo ngosuku kanye nenani leminyaka umuntu ebhema ngayo.

6. Ezinye izimo

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nezezakhi zofuzo ezingavamile zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi. Lezi zimo zifaka okulandelayo:

• I-hemochromatosis yefa engalashwanga (HH).
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
• Isifo sokugcina i-Glycogen.
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
• Isifo sikaWilson.

Izici zokuvikela ezilandelayo zinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi:

1. Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HBV (ngokugonyelwa i-HBV njengosana) kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi ezinganeni. Akukaziwa okwamanje ukuthi ukugonyelwa kunciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi kubantu abadala.

2. Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B okungapheli

Izindlela zokwelapha abantu abanesifo se-HBV esingamahlalakhona zifaka phakathi ukwelashwa nge-interferon kanye ne-nucleos(t)ide analog (NA). Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.

3. Ukuchayeka okuncishisiwe ku-aflatoxin B1

Ukufaka ukudla okuqukethe inani elikhulu le-aflatoxin B1 esikhundleni sokudla okuqukethe izinga eliphansi kakhulu lobuthi kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1