Ibanga Elingakanani Phakathi Kwamaqhubu Ebele kanye Nomdlavuza Webele?

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Global Cancer Burden ka-2020 ekhishwe yi-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),umdlavuza webeleKube namacala amasha angu-2.26 million emhlabeni wonke, kudlula umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamacala awo angu-2.2 million.Ngesabelo esingu-11.7% samacala amasha omdlavuza, umdlavuza webele usezingeni eliphezulu, okwenza kube uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu. Lezi zinombolo ziphakamise ukuqwashisa nokukhathazeka phakathi kwabesifazane abaningi mayelana namaqhubu ebele kanye nezinsika zebele.

Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngama-Breast Nodules
Amaqhubu ebele ngokuvamile abhekisela kumaqhubu noma izinqwaba ezitholakala ebeleni. Iningi lala maqhubu alinabungozi (alinabo umdlavuza). Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile ezingabucayi zifaka phakathi ukutheleleka kwebele, ama-fibroadenoma, ama-cyst alula, i-fat necrosis, izinguquko ze-fibrocystic, kanye nama-papillomas angaphakathi kwe-ductal.
Izimpawu Zesexwayiso:

    
Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane lamaqhubu ebele lingaba yingozi (umdlavuza), futhi lingabonisa okulandelayoizimpawu zesexwayiso:

• Usayizi:Amaqhubu amakhulubavame ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kalula.
• Isimo:Amaqhubu anemiphetho engajwayelekile noma egobilebabe nethuba eliphezulu lokuthola umdlavuza.
• Ukuthungwa: Uma kuneqhubukuzwakala kuqinile noma kunokwakheka okungalingani lapho kuthintwa, kudingeka uphenyo olwengeziwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazaneoneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala, njengoba ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza ikhula njengoba iminyaka ikhula.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamaqhubu Ebeleni Nokubaluleka Kokutholakala Komdlavuza Webele Kwasekuqaleni
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi nakuba ukwanda komdlavuza webele kuyanda, izinga lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza webele liye lehla emazweni aseNtshonalanga eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwehla singabangelwa ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha kusenesikhathi, kanti ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele kuyisici esibalulekile.
1. Izindlela Zokuhlola

• Njengamanje, ucwaningo mayelana nomehluko wokuzwela phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola luvela kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ukuhlolwa kwamabele emitholampilo kunokuzwela okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namasu okuthatha izithombe. Phakathi kwezindlela zokuthatha izithombe, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inokuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu, kuyilapho i-mammography kanye ne-ultrasound yamabele kunokuzwela okufanayo.
• I-mammography inenzuzo eyingqayizivele ekutholeni ukwakheka kwe-calcifications okuhlobene nomdlavuza webele.
• Uma kwenzeka izilonda ezicutshini zebele eziminyene, i-ultrasound yebele inozwela oluphezulu kakhulu kune-mammography.
• Ukufaka izithombe ze-ultrasound zebele lonke ku-mammography kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokutholakala komdlavuza webele.
• Umdlavuza webele uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangakayi ukuya esikhathini abanokuxinana kwamabele okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-mammography kanye ne-ultrasound yebele lonke kunengqondo kakhulu.
• Ukuze uthole uphawu oluthile lokukhishwa kwesisu esiswini, i-intraductal endoscopy ingahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okuqondile kwesistimu ye-breast duct ukuthola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ngaphakathi kwe-duct.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-breast magnetic resonance (MRI) okwamanje kunconywa emhlabeni wonke kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele impilo yabo yonke, njengalabo abaphethe izinguquko ezibangelwa izifo kuma-gene e-BRCA1/2.

2. Ukuzihlola Amabele Okuvamile
Ukuzihlola amabele kuye kwakhuthazwa esikhathini esidlule, kodwa ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthiakunciphisi ukufa komdlavuza webeleUhlelo luka-2005 lweziqondiso ze-American Cancer Society (ACS) alusancomi ukuhlolwa kwebele njalo ngenyanga njengendlela yokuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuzihlola kwebele njalo kusabalulekile maqondana nokubona umdlavuza webele ezigabeni zakamuva kanye nokuthola umdlavuza ongase uvele phakathi kokuhlolwa okuvamile.

3. Ukubaluleka Kokuxilongwa Kwasekuqaleni
Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi komdlavuza webele kunezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ukuthola umdlavuza webele ongahlaseli kungagwema isidingo sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho,Ukutholwa komdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi kunikeza amathuba engeziwe okwelashwa okonga ibele, okulondoloza izicubu zebele. Kuphinde kwandise amathuba okugwema ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha i-lymph node e-axillary, okungabangela ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kwezitho ezingaphezulu.Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kuvumela izinketho ezengeziwe zokwelashwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela ongaba khona kwikhwalithi yempilo.

Izindlela Nezindlela Zokuxilonga Kwasekuqaleni
1. Ukuxilongwa Kwasekuqaleni: Izilonda Zamabele Zasekuqaleni kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwezifo
Imiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele kusetshenziswa i-mammography kunganciphisa ingozi yaminyaka yonke yokufa komdlavuza webele ngo-20% kuya ku-40%.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezifo

• Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathological kubhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide.
• Indlela ngayinye yokuthwebula izithombe inezindlela zokuthatha amasampula ezihambisanayo ze-pathological. Njengoba izilonda eziningi ezingenazimpawu ezitholakalayo zingenabungozi, indlela efanele kufanele ibe nenembile, ithembeke, futhi ingangenisi kakhulu.
• I-ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy okwamanje iyindlela ekhethwayo, esebenza ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-80%.

3. Izici Ezibalulekile Zokuhlonza Umdlavuza Webele Kusenesikhathi

• Umbono omuhle: Kubalulekile ukunganaki impilo yamabele kodwa futhi ungesabi. Umdlavuza webele uyisifo sesimila esingamahlalakhona esisabela kahle ekwelashweni. Ngokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, amacala amaningi angasinda isikhathi eside. Isihluthulelo siwukuthiukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela womdlavuza webele empilweni.
• Izindlela zokuhlola ezinokwethenjelwa: Ezikhungweni zobungcweti, kunconywa indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izithombe ze-ultrasound kanye ne-mammography.
• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Kusukela eminyakeni engu-35 kuya kwengu-40, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlolwe amabele njalo ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili.