Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Ngomdlavuza Womthombo
Umdlavuza womminzo yisifo lapho amaseli ayingozi (umdlavuza) akheka ezicutshini zomphimbo.
Umphimbo yishubhu elingenalutho, elinemisipha elihambisa ukudla noketshezi kusuka emphinjeni kuya esiswini.Udonga lomphimbo lwakhiwe izingqimba eziningana zezicubu, okuhlanganisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi), imisipha, nezicubu ezixhumeneyo.Umdlavuza womminzo uqala olwelweni lwangaphakathi lomminzo futhi usakazekele ngaphandle kwezinye izingqimba njengoba ukhula.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wommizo ziqanjwe ngohlobo lwamaseli aba yingozi (umdlavuza):
- I-squamous cell carcinoma:Umdlavuza owakheka kumaseli azacile, ayisicaba aphakathi komminzo.Lo mdlavuza uvame ukutholakala engxenyeni engenhla nemaphakathi yomminzo kodwa ungenzeka noma yikuphi eduze komminzo.Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-epidermoid carcinoma.
- I-Adenocarcinoma:Umdlavuza oqala kumaseli wezindlala.Amaseli endlala olwelwesi lomminzo akhiqiza futhi akhiphe uketshezi olufana namafinyila.I-adenocarcinoma ngokuvamile iqala engxenyeni engezansi yomminzo, eduze nesisu.
Umdlavuza womminzo utholakala kaningi emadodeni.
Abesilisa banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nomdlavuza womminzo kunabesifazane.Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womminzo ayanda ngokuya ngeminyaka.I-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus ivame kakhulu kwabamnyama kunakwabamhlophe.
I-Esophageal Cancer Prevention
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile.Izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukubhema, ukukhuluphala, nokungawuvivinyi ngokwanele umzimba.Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungase kusize ekuvimbeleni eminye imidlavuza.Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nokuthi ungawehlisa kanjani amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.
Izinto eziyingozi kanye nezici zokuvikela ze-squamous cell carcinoma yomminzo kanye ne-adenocarcinoma yomminzo akufani.
Izici eziyingozi ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma yommizo:
1. Ukubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus iyanda kubantu ababhema noma abaphuza kakhulu.
Izici ezilandelayo zokuzivikela zinganciphisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi notshwala
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus iphansi kubantu abangawusebenzisi ugwayi notshwala.
2. I-Chemoprevention ngezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala
I-Chemoprevention ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, amavithamini, noma amanye ama-agent ukuzama ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) zihlanganisa i-aspirin nezinye izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-NSAID kungase kunciphise ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, nokulimala kwezinso.
Izici eziyingozi ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma yomphimbo:
1. I-reflux yesisu
I-Adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus ixhumene kakhulu nesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD), ikakhulukazi uma i-GERD ihlala isikhathi eside futhi kuvela izimpawu ezinzima nsuku zonke.I-GERD yisimo lapho okuqukethwe kwesisu, okuhlanganisa ne-asidi yesisu, kugeleza kukhuphukele engxenyeni engezansi yomminzo.Lokhu kuthukuthelisa ingaphakathi lomminzo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kuthinte amangqamuzana aklelise ingxenye engezansi yomminzo.Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Barrett esophagus.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana athintekile athathelwa indawo amaseli angavamile, angase kamuva abe i-adenocarcinoma yomminzo.Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlanganiswe ne-GERD kungase kwandise ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma yomminzo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ephumuza umsipha ongezansi we-sphincter kungase kwandise amathuba okuthuthukisa i-GERD.Lapho umsipha ophansi we-sphincter ukhululekile, i-asidi yesisu ingase igeleze iye phezulu engxenyeni engezansi yomminzo.
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa noma okunye ukwelashwa ukumisa i-gastric reflux kwehlisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma yomminzo.Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kuyenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa kunganqanda umphimbo we-Barrett.
Izici ezilandelayo zokuzivikela zinganciphisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. I-Chemoprevention ngezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala
I-Chemoprevention ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, amavithamini, noma amanye ama-agent ukuzama ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) zihlanganisa i-aspirin nezinye izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-NSAID kungase kunciphise ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus.Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, nokulimala kwezinso.
2. Ukukhishwa kwe-Radiofrequency of the esophagus
Iziguli ezine-Barrett esophagus ezinamaseli angajwayelekile kumgudu ongezansi zingase zelashwe nge-radiofrequency ablation.Le nqubo isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukushisa futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana angavamile, angase abe umdlavuza.Izingozi zokusebenzisa i-radiofrequency ablation zihlanganisa ukuncipha komminzo nokopha emmizweni, esiswini, noma emathunjini.
Olunye ucwaningo lweziguli ezine-Barrett esophagus kanye namaseli angajwayelekile kummizo luqhathanise iziguli ezithole i-radiofrequency ablation neziguli ezingazange.Iziguli ezathola i-radiofrequency ablation zazincane amathuba okuthi zitholwe zinomdlavuza wommizo.Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi ingabe i-radiofrequency ablation iyayehlisa yini ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma yomminzo ezigulini ezinalezi zimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-04-2023