Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Mayelana Nomdlavuza Wesisu
Umdlavuza we-esophageal yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akheka khona ezicutshini zomhubhe.
I-esophagus yipayipi elingenalutho, elinemisipha elihambisa ukudla noketshezi kusuka emphinjeni kuya esiswini. Udonga lwe-esophagus lwakhiwe yizingqimba eziningana zezicubu, okuhlanganisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila (ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi), imisipha, kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Umdlavuza we-esophageal uqala olwelwesini lwangaphakathi lwe-esophagus futhi usakazeke ngaphandle ngezinye izingqimba njengoba ukhula.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza womphimbo ziqanjwe ngohlobo lwamaseli aba yingozi (umdlavuza):
- I-Squamous cell carcinoma:Umdlavuza owakheka emaseli amancane, ayisicaba angaphakathi komphimbo. Lo mdlavuza uvame ukutholakala engxenyeni ephezulu nephakathi yomphimbo kodwa ungavela noma kuphi eduze komphimbo. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-epidermoid carcinoma.
- I-Adenocarcinoma:Umdlavuza oqala emangqamuzaneni ezindlala. Amangqamuzana ezindlala olwelwesini lwe-esophagus akhiqiza futhi akhiphe uketshezi olufana ne-mucus. I-Adenocarcinoma ivame ukuqala engxenyeni engezansi ye-esophagus, eduze kwesisu.
Umdlavuza we-esophageal uvame ukutholakala kwabesilisa.
Amadoda cishe anamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola umdlavuza womphimbo kunabesifazane. Amathuba okuthola umdlavuza womphimbo ayanda njengoba abantu bekhula. I-squamous cell carcinoma yomphimbo ivame kakhulu kubantu abamnyama kunakwabamhlophe.
Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wesisu
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile. Izici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele. Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nendlela ongayinciphisa ngayo ingozi yakho yomdlavuza.
Izici eziyingozi kanye nezici zokuvikela i-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus kanye ne-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus azifani.
Izici ezilandelayo zengozi zandisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ingozi yokuba ne-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus iyanda kubantu ababhemayo noma abaphuza kakhulu.
Izici ezilandelayo zokuvikela zinganciphisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi notshwala
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ingozi yokuba ne-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus iphansi kubantu abangasebenzisi ugwayi notshwala.
2. Ukuvimbela ngamakhemikhali ngemithi engeyona eye-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuvimbela i-Chemo ukusebenzisa imithi, amavithamini, noma ezinye izinto ezisiza ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID) ihlanganisa i-aspirin kanye neminye imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kunganciphisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, kanye nokulimala kwezinso.
Izici ezilandelayo zengozi zandisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukuvuvukala kwesisu
I-Adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), ikakhulukazi lapho i-GERD ihlala isikhathi eside futhi kuvela izimpawu ezinzima nsuku zonke. I-GERD yisimo lapho okuqukethwe yisisu, okuhlanganisa ne-asidi yesisu, kugeleza khona engxenyeni engezansi ye-esophagus. Lokhu kuyacasula ingaphakathi le-esophagus, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungathinta amangqamuzana amboze ingxenye engezansi ye-esophagus. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Barrett esophagus. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana athintekile athathelwa indawo amangqamuzana angavamile, kamuva angaba yi-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile okuhlanganiswe ne-GERD kungandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ephumuza imisipha ye-sphincter engezansi ye-esophagus kungandisa amathuba okuthola i-GERD. Uma imisipha ye-sphincter engezansi iphumule, i-asidi yesisu ingagelezela engxenyeni engezansi ye-esophagus.
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ukuvimba i-gastric reflux kunciphisa yini ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Kuyenziwa izivivinyo zemitholampilo ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kungavimbela yini i-Barrett esophagus.
Izici zokuvikela ezilandelayo zinganciphisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus:
1. Ukuvimbela ngamakhemikhali ngemithi engeyona eye-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala
Ukuvimbela i-Chemo ukusebenzisa imithi, amavithamini, noma ezinye izinto ezisiza ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID) ihlanganisa i-aspirin kanye neminye imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kunganciphisa ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-NSAID kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha esiswini nasemathunjini, kanye nokulimala kwezinso.
2. Ukususwa kwe-Radiofrequency ye-esophagus
Iziguli ezine-Barrett esophagus ezinamaseli angajwayelekile ku-esophagus engezansi zingelashwa nge-radiofrequency ablation. Le nqubo isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukushisa nokubhubhisa amaseli angajwayelekile, angaba umdlavuza. Izingozi zokusebenzisa i-radiofrequency ablation zifaka phakathi ukuncishiswa komoya kanye nokopha e-esophagus, esiswini, noma emathunjini.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lweziguli ezine-Barrett esophagus kanye namaseli angajwayelekile ku-esophagus luqhathanise iziguli ezithole i-radiofrequency ablation neziguli ezingazange zithole. Iziguli ezithole i-radiofrequency ablation zazinamathuba amancane okutholakala zinomdlavuza we-esophagus. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi i-radiofrequency ablation iyanciphisa yini ingozi ye-adenocarcinoma ye-esophagus ezigulini ezinalezi zimo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2023