Umdlavuza wesisu unesibalo esiphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izimila zomgudu wokugaya ukudla emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, uyinkinga evinjelwayo futhi engelapheka. Ngokuphila impilo enempilo, ukuhlolwa njalo, nokufuna ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, singalwa ngempumelelo nalesi sifo. Manje ake sikunikeze izincazelo ngemibuzo eyisishiyagalolunye ebalulekile ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono umdlavuza wesisu.
1. Ingabe umdlavuza wesisu uyahlukahluka ngokohlanga, isifunda, kanye nobudala?
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva yomdlavuza womhlaba wonke ngo-2020, iShayina ibike amacala amasha omdlavuza angaba yizigidi ezingu-4.57, kanti umdlavuza wesisu ubangela lokhu.cishe amacala angu-480,000, noma u-10.8%, abekwe phakathi kwamacala amathathu aphezulu.Umdlavuza wesisu ukhombisa ukwehluka okucacile ngokobuzwe kanye nesifunda. Isifunda saseMpumalanga Asia siyindawo esengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesisu, kanti iShayina, iJapan, kanye neNingizimu Korea zibalwa cishe ngama-70% wamacala aphelele emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kubangelwa yizici ezifana nokuthambekela kwezakhi zofuzo, ukudla ukudla okuthosiwe nokufakwe emanzini anosawoti, kanye namazinga aphezulu okubhema esifundeni. Ezwenikazi laseShayina, umdlavuza wesisu uvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinokudla okunosawoti omningi, kanye nasezindaweni eziphakathi neziphansi zoMfula iYangtze kanye nezindawo ezimpofu kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nobudala, isilinganiso sokuqala komdlavuza wesisu siphakathi kweminyaka engu-55 no-60. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izinga lokwanda komdlavuza wesisu eShayina lihlale lizinzile, ngokwanda okuncane. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokuvela kwentsha liye landa ngesivinini esikhulu, lidlula isilinganiso sikazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la macala avame ukutholakala njengomdlavuza wesisu osabalele, oletha izinselele zokwelapha.
2. Ingabe umdlavuza wesisu unezilonda ezingaphambi komdlavuza? Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko?
Ama-polyp esiswini, i-gastritis engapheli engapheli, kanye nesisu esisele kuyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza wesisu.Ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesisu kuyinqubo eyenzeka ngezindlela eziningi, eyenzeka ngamazinga amaningi, futhi eyenzeka ngezigaba eziningi.Ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu,iziguli zivame ukungabi nezimpawu ezisobala, noma zingase zizwe ubuhlungu obuncane esiswini esingaphezulu,ubuhlungu obungavamile besisu esingaphezulu, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukuqunjelwa, ukubhoboza, futhi kwezinye izimo, indle emnyama noma ukuhlanza igazi. Uma izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu,okubonisa izigaba eziphakathi kuya kweziphambili zomdlavuza wesisu, iziguli zingase zibhekane nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukuntuleka kwegazi,i-hypoalbuminemia (amazinga aphansi eprotheni egazini), ukuvuvukala,ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ukuhlanza igazi, kanyeizihlalo ezimnyama, phakathi kwabanye.
3. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesisu bangatholakala kanjani kusenesikhathi?
Umlando womndeni wezimila: Uma kunezimo zezimila zesistimu yokugaya ukudla noma ezinye izimila ezizukulwaneni ezimbili noma ezintathu zezihlobo, amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesisu aphezulu. Indlela enconywayo iwukuhlolwa kobungcweti okungenani iminyaka eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kweminyaka encane kunanoma yiliphi ilungu lomndeni elinomdlavuza. Ngomdlavuza wesisu, ukuhlolwa kwesisu kufanele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu, njengoba kucebiswe udokotela. Isibonelo, uma ingane encane kunazo zonke emndenini enesifo somdlavuza ineminyaka engu-55 ubudala, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesisu kufanele kwenziwe eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala.
Abantu abanomlando omude wokubhema, ukuphuza utshwala, ukuthanda ukudla okushisayo, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, kanye nokudla ukudla okunosawoti omningi kufanele balungise ngokushesha le mikhuba engemihle, njengoba ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu esiswini.
Iziguli ezinezilonda zesisu, i-gastritis engapheli, kanye nezinye izifo zesisu kufanele zifune ukwelashwa ngenkuthalo ukuze zivimbele ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi zihlolwe njalo esibhedlela.
4. Ingabe i-gastritis engapheli kanye nezilonda zesisu zingaholela kumdlavuza wesisu?
Ezinye izifo zesisu ziyizici eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza wesisu futhi kufanele zithathwe ngokungathi sína. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nezifo zesisu akusho ukuthi umuntu uzoba nomdlavuza wesisu. Izilonda zesisu zihlotshaniswa ngokusobala nengozi eyengeziwe yokuba nomdlavuza. I-gastritis engapheli yesikhathi eside futhi enzima, ikakhulukazi uma ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amandla, i-metaplasia yamathumbu, noma i-hyperplasia engavamile, idinga ukubhekwa eduze. Kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokushesha imikhuba engemihle efana nokuthiukuma ukubhema, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, kanye nokugwema ukudla okuthosiwe nokunosawoti omningiNgaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ngonyaka nochwepheshe wezifo zamathumbu ukuze kuhlolwe isimo esithile futhi kucatshangelwe izincomo ezifana ne-gastoscopy noma imithi.
5. Ingabe kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kweHelicobacter pylori nomdlavuza wesisu?
I-Helicobacter pylori yibhaktheriya evame ukutholakala esiswini, futhi ihlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wesisu. Uma umuntu ehlolwa ukuthi une-Helicobacter pylori futhi enezifo zesisu ezingamahlalakhona njenge-gastritis engapheli noma izilonda zesisu, ingozi yakhe yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu iyanda. Ukufuna ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile ezimweni ezinjalo. Ngaphezu komuntu othintekile othola ukwelashwa, amalungu omndeni kufanele futhi ahlolwe futhi acabangele ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo uma kudingeka.
6. Ingabe ikhona enye indlela engebuhlungu kakhulu kune-gastoscopy?
Ngempela, ukwenza i-gastroscopy ngaphandle kwezindlela zokusiza ubuhlungu kungaba yinto engakhululekile.Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola umdlavuza wesisu osesigabeni sokuqala, i-gastroscopy okwamanje iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu.Ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga zingase zingawuboni umdlavuza wesisu zisesesigabeni sokuqala, okungathinta kakhulu amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Inzuzo ye-gastroscopy ukuthi ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone isisu ngqo ngokufaka ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elidlula emhubheni bese besebenzisa i-probe encane efana nekhamera. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukubona kahle isisu futhi bangaphuthelwa yinoma yiziphi izinguquko ezincane. Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu zingaba zicashile kakhulu, zifane nebala elincane esandleni sethu esingase singalinaki, kodwa kungase kube nezinguquko ezincane embala wendwangu yesisu. Nakuba ama-CT scan kanye nama-contrast agents kungabona ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zesisu, kungase kungabonakali izinguquko ezinjalo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, kulabo abanconywa ukuthi benze i-gastroscopy, kubalulekile ukunganqikazi.
7. Iyini indinganiso yegolide yokuxilonga umdlavuza wesisu?
I-Gastroscopy kanye ne-pathological biopsy yizona zindlela eziyinhloko zokuxilonga umdlavuza wesisu. Lokhu kunikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile, kulandelwe ukulinganisa. Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo yizona zindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu osesigabeni sokuqala, kanti ukwelashwa okuphelele kwemikhakha eminingi okwamanje kubhekwa njengendlela yokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wesisu. Ngokusekelwe esimweni somzimba sesiguli, ukuqhubeka kwesifo, nezinye izici, ithimba lochwepheshe bemikhakha eminingi ngokubambisana lakha uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu lwesiguli, olubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma ukulinganisa kanye nokuxilongwa kwesiguli kucacile, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngokweziqondiso ezifanele zomdlavuza wesisu.
8. Umuntu kufanele afune kanjani usizo lwezokwelapha ngomdlavuza wesisu ngendlela yesayensi?
Ukwelashwa okungajwayelekile kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwamangqamuzana esimila futhi kwandise ubunzima bokwelashwa okulandelayo. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wesisu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha emnyangweni wezokwelapha okhethekile. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele, udokotela uzohlola isimo sesiguli futhi anikeze izincomo zokwelashwa, okufanele zixoxwe nesiguli kanye namalungu omndeni waso ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Iziguli eziningi zizizwa zikhathazekile futhi zifuna ukuxilongwa ngokushesha namuhla kanye nokuhlinzwa kusasa. Azikwazi ukulinda emgqeni ukuze zihlolwe noma zilale embhedeni wesibhedlela. Kodwa-ke, ukuze zithole ukwelashwa okusheshayo, ukuya ezibhedlela ezingezona ezikhethekile nezingezona izazi ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okungajwayelekile kungaba yingozi ekuphathweni okulandelayo kwesifo.
Uma kutholakala umdlavuza wesisu, ngokuvamile ubulokhu ukhona isikhathi esithile. Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu njengokubhoboka, ukopha, noma ukuvaleka, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukulibazisa ukuhlinzwa okusheshayo kuzosheshisa ukuqhubeka kwesimila. Eqinisweni, ukuvumela odokotela isikhathi esanele sokuqonda kahle isimo sesiguli, bahlole ukubekezelelana kwaso ngokomzimba, futhi bahlaziye izici zesimila kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono yokwelashwa.
9. Kufanele siyibheke kanjani inkulumo ethi “ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli yesaba ukufa”?
Lesi sitatimende sidlulile ngokweqile. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza awusabeki njengoba singase sicabange. Abantu abaningi baphila nomdlavuza futhi baphila impilo egculisayo. Ngemva kokuxilongwa umdlavuza, kubalulekile ukulungisa indlela ocabanga ngayo futhi uhlanganyele ekukhulumisaneni okuhle neziguli ezinethemba. Kubantu abasesigabeni sokululama ngemva kokwelashwa umdlavuza wesisu, amalungu omndeni kanye nozakwabo akudingeki babaphathe njengezidalwa ezibuthakathaka, babavimbele ekwenzeni noma yini. Le ndlela ingenza iziguli zizwe sengathi ukubaluleka kwazo akuqashelwa.
Izinga lokwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu
Izinga lokuphulukiswa komdlavuza wesisu eShayina licishe libe ngu-30%, okuyinto engephansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kumdlavuza wesisu osesigabeni sokuqala, izinga lokuphulukiswa ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-80% kuya ku-90%. Esigabeni sesiBili, ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-70% kuya ku-80%. Kodwa-ke, ngesigaba sesiThathu, esibhekwa njengesithuthukile, izinga lokuphulukiswa liyehla liye cishe ku-30%, kanti esigabeni sesi-IV, lingaphansi kuka-10%.
Ngokuphathelene nendawo, umdlavuza wesisu okude unezinga eliphezulu lokuphulukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nomdlavuza wesisu oseduze. Umdlavuza wesisu okude ubhekisela kumdlavuza oseduze ne-pylorus, kanti umdlavuza wesisu oseduze ubhekisela kumdlavuza oseduze ne-cardia noma umzimba wesisu. I-Signet ring cell carcinoma kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona futhi ivame ukusabalala, okuholela ezingeni eliphansi lokuphulukiswa.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunaka noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni womuntu, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubhekene nokungakhululeki okuqhubekayo kwesisu. Uma kudingeka, kufanele kwenziwe i-gastroscopy. Iziguli ezike zelashwa nge-endoscopic esikhathini esidlule kufanele futhi zibe nokuqokwa njalo nochwepheshe wesisu futhi zilandele iseluleko sezokwelapha ukuze zihlolwe i-gastroscopy njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-10-2023