Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza We-Colorectal

Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Mayelana Nomdlavuza We-Colorectal

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal yisifo lapho amangqamuzana abulalayo (umdlavuza) akheka khona ezicutshini ze-colon noma i-rectum.
Ikholoni liyingxenye yesimiso sokugaya ukudla somzimba. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lususa futhi lucubungule izakhamzimba (amavithamini, amaminerali, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni, namanzi) ekudleni futhi lusize ekudluliseni izinto ezilahliwe emzimbeni. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwakhiwe umlomo, umphimbo, umphimbo, isisu, kanye namathumbu amancane namakhulu. Ikholoni (ithumbu elikhulu) yingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu futhi ingamamitha angaba ngu-1.5 ubude. Ndawonye, ​​​​umsele we-rectum kanye nomsele we-anal zakha ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu futhi zingamasentimitha angu-1.2 kuya kwangu-1.2 ubude. Umsele we-anal uphela endunu (ukuvulwa kwamathumbu amakhulu ngaphandle komzimba).

Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza We-Colorectal

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile. Izici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele. Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nendlela ongayinciphisa ngayo ingozi yakho yomdlavuza.

Izici ezilandelayo zengozi zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Ubudala

Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colonectal iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Amacala amaningi omdlavuza we-colonectal atholakala ngemva kweminyaka engu-50.

2. Umlando womndeni womdlavuza we-colorectal
Ukuba nomzali, umfowethu, udadewabo, noma ingane enesifo somdlavuza we-colon kuphinda kabili ingozi yomuntu yokuba nomdlavuza we-colon tract.

3. Umlando womuntu siqu
Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu walezi zimo ezilandelayo kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon:

• Umdlavuza we-colorectal wangaphambilini.
• Ama-adenoma ayingozi kakhulu (ama-polyp e-colorectal angamasentimitha angu-1 noma ngaphezulu ngobukhulu noma anamaseli abukeka engavamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope).
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (njenge-ulcerative colitis noma isifo sikaCrohn).

4. Ingozi ezuzwe njengefa

Ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal iyanda lapho izinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) noma umdlavuza we-colon ongeyona i-polyposis (i-HNPCC noma i-Lynch Syndrome) zizuzwa njengefa.

5. Utshwala

Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ngosuku kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colonectal. Ukuphuza utshwala kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yokwakheka kwama-adenoma amakhulu e-colonectal (izimila ezingenobungozi).

6. Ukubhema ugwayi
Ukubhema ugwayi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-colon kanye nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colon.
Ukubhema ugwayi nakho kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokwakha ama-adenoma e-colorectal. Ababhema ugwayi abaye bahlinzwa ukuze kususwe ama-adenoma e-colorectal basengozini enkulu yokuthi ama-adenoma aphinde abuye.

7. Umjaho
Abantu baseMelika abansundu basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-colonectal kanye nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colonectal uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga.

8. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-colon kanye nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colon.

Izici zokuvikela ezilandelayo zinciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Umsebenzi womzimba

Indlela yokuphila ehlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo ihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwengozi yokuthola umdlavuza we-colon.

2. I-aspirini
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphuza i-aspirin kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon kanye nengozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colon. Ukuncipha kwengozi kuqala eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 ngemuva kokuba iziguli ziqale ukuthatha i-aspirin.
Ukulimala okungenzeka kokusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin (100 mg noma ngaphansi) nsuku zonke noma njalo ngemva kosuku olulodwa kuhlanganisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokopha esiswini nasemathunjini. Lezi zingozi zingaba zinkulu phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile, amadoda, kanye nalabo abanezimo ezihlobene nengozi ephezulu kunokuvamile yokopha.

3. Ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone ahlanganisiwe
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone ahlanganisiwe (HRT) okuhlanganisa i-estrogen ne-progestin kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon ohlaselayo kwabesifazane asebekhulile.
Kodwa-ke, kwabesifazane abathatha i-HRT ehlanganisiwe bese beba nomdlavuza we-colonectal, umdlavuza uvame ukuba mkhulu uma utholakala futhi ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colonectal ayinciphi.
Izingozi ezingaba khona ze-HRT ehlanganisiwe zifaka phakathi ingozi eyengeziwe yokuba nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Umdlavuza webele.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Amahlule egazi.

4. Ukususwa kwe-polyp
Ama-polyp amaningi e-colorectal angama-adenoma, angase abe umdlavuza. Ukususa ama-polyp e-colorectal amakhulu kunesentimitha elilodwa (usayizi we-pea) kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal. Akwaziwa ukuthi ukususa ama-polyp amancane kunciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Izingozi ezingaba khona zokususwa kwe-polyp ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy noma i-sigmoidoscopy zifaka phakathi ukudabuka odongeni lwe-colon kanye nokopha.

Akucaci ukuthi okulandelayo kuyayithinta yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID) ngaphandle kwe-aspirin
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engeyona i-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala noma ama-NSAID (njenge-sulindac, i-celecoxib, i-naproxen, ne-ibuprofen) kunciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha umuthi ongeyona i-steroidal anti-inflammatory celecoxib kunciphisa ingozi yokubuya kwama-adenoma e-colorectal (ama-benign tumors) ngemva kokususwa kwawo. Akucaci ukuthi lokhu kuholela yini engcupheni ephansi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Ukuthatha i-sulindac noma i-celecoxib kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa inani kanye nosayizi wama-polyp akheka ku-colon kanye ne-rectum yabantu abane-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Akucaci ukuthi lokhu kuholela yini engcupheni ephansi yomdlavuza we-colon.
Izingozi ezingaba khona ze-NSAID zifaka:

• Izinkinga zezinso.
• Ukopha esiswini, emathunjini, noma ebuchosheni.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana.

2. I-calcium
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium kunciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon.

3. Ukudla
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amancane nenyama kanye ne-fiber eningi, izithelo nemifino kunciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon.
Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, amaprotheni, amakhalori kanye nenyama kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon, kodwa ezinye izifundo azizange.

Izici ezilandelayo azithinti ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone nge-estrogen kuphela
Ukwelashwa ngokushintsha ama-hormone nge-estrogen kuphela akunciphisi ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colon ohlaselayo noma ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza we-colon.

2. Ama-statin
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuthatha ama-statin (imithi ehlisa i-cholesterol) akukhulisi noma akunciphisi ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zokuvimbela umdlavuza zisetshenziselwa ukutadisha izindlela zokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zokuvimbela umdlavuza zisetshenziselwa ukutadisha izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Ezinye izivivinyo zokuvimbela umdlavuza zenziwa nabantu abaphilile abangakaze babe nomdlavuza kodwa abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza. Ezinye izivivinyo zokuvimbela zenziwa nabantu abaye baba nomdlavuza futhi abazama ukuvimbela omunye umdlavuza wohlobo olufanayo noma ukunciphisa amathuba abo okuthola uhlobo olusha lomdlavuza. Ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa nabantu abazinikele abanempilo abangaziwa ukuthi banezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza.
Inhloso yezinye izivivinyo zezokwelapha zokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthola ukuthi izenzo abantu abazithathayo zingawuvimbela yini umdlavuza. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuzivocavoca umzimba kakhulu noma ukuyeka ukubhema noma ukuthatha imithi ethile, amavithamini, amaminerali, noma izithasiselo zokudla.
Izindlela ezintsha zokuvimbela umdlavuza we-colorectal ziyafundwa ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo.

Umthombo: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1