Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ngesikhathi soSuku Lomhlaba Lomdlavuza Wamaphaphu (mhla lu-1 kuNcwaba), ake sibheke ukuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile. Izici eziyingozi zifaka phakathi ukubhema, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele. Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungasiza nasekuvimbeleni ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nendlela ongayinciphisa ngayo ingozi yakho yomdlavuza.

Okulandelayo yizinto ezibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye nepayipi

Ukubhema ugwayi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esiyingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, kanye nokubhema ipayipi konke kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukubhema ugwayi kubangela cishe amacala angu-9 kwangu-10 omdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesilisa kanye namacala angu-8 kwangu-10 omdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane.

Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi one-tar encane noma one-nicotine ephansi akunciphisi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ucwaningo lubonisa nokuthi ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngenxa yokubhema ugwayi iyanda ngenani logwayi ababhemayo ngosuku kanye nenani leminyaka ababhemayo. Abantu ababhemayo basengozini ephindwe kangangama-20 yomdlavuza wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangabhemi.

2. Intuthu ebhemayo

Ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi osetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu nakho kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Intuthwini kagwayi osetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu yintuthwini evela kusikilidi esivuthayo noma komunye umkhiqizo kagwayi, noma ekhishwa ngababhemayo. Abantu abaphefumula intuthwini kagwayi osetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu bachayeka ezintweni ezifanayo ezibangela umdlavuza njengababhemayo, nakuba ngamanani amancane. Ukuphefumula intuthwini kagwayi osetshenziswa ngomunye umuntu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhema okungenangozi noma okungenangozi.

3. Umlando womndeni

Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abanesihlobo esike saba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu bangase babe namathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangenaso isihlobo esike saba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuvame ukubhebhetheka emindenini futhi amalungu omndeni abhebhetheka intuthu ebhemayo, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ivela emlandweni womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ivela ekubhebhethekeni intuthu kagwayi.

4. Ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), imbangela ye-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu abatheleleke nge-HIV bangase babe nengozi ephindwe kabili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalabo abangenalo igciwane. Njengoba amazinga okubhema ephezulu kulabo abatheleleke nge-HIV kunalabo abangenalo igciwane, akucaci ukuthi ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ivela ekuthelelekeni nge-HIV noma ekubhebhethekeni yintuthu kagwayi.

5. Izici eziyingozi zemvelo

• Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ukuchayeka emisebeni kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imisebe yebhomu le-athomu, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, kanye ne-radon kuyimithombo yokuchayeka emisebeni:
• Imisebe yebhomu le-athomu: Ukuchayeka emisebeni ngemva kokuqhuma kwebhomu le-athomu kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza othile, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza webele kanye ne-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa ama-x-ray, imisebe ye-gamma, noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ezingase zandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma umthamo wemisebe uphezulu, kulapho ingozi iba nkulu khona. Ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe iphakeme ezigulini ezibhemayo kunakwabangabhemi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, njenge-CT scans, kuveza iziguli emisebeni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT spiral okunomthamo ophansi kuveza iziguli emisebeni encane kune-CT scans enomthamo ophezulu. Ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CT spiral okunomthamo ophansi kunganciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe.
• I-Radon: I-Radon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe evela ekuqhekekeni kwe-uranium emadwaleni nasenhlabathini. Ingena emhlabathini, bese ivuza emoyeni noma emanzini. I-Radon ingangena ezindlini ngemifantu ephansi, ezindongeni, noma esisekelweni, futhi amazinga e-radon angakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu egesi ye-radon ngaphakathi ekhaya noma endaweni yokusebenza andisa inani lamacala amasha omdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nenani lokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphezulu kwababhemayo abachayeka ku-radon kunakwabangabhemi abachayeka kuyo. Kubantu abangakaze babheme, cishe ama-26% okufa okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ahlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ku-radon.

6. Ukuchayeka emsebenzini

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

• I-Asbestos.
• I-Arsenic.
• I-Chromium.
• I-Nickel.
• I-Beryllium.
• I-Cadmium.
• I-tar kanye ne-soot.

Lezi zinto zingabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abachayeka kuzo emsebenzini futhi abangakaze babheme. Njengoba izinga lokuchayeka kulezi zinto likhula, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nayo iyanda. Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphakeme nakakhulu kubantu abachayeka futhi ababhemayo.

• Ukungcoliswa komoya: Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokungcoliswa komoya kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

7. Izithasiselo ze-Beta carotene kubantu ababhema kakhulu

Ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-beta carotene (amaphilisi) kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi kwababhemayo ababhema iphakethe elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku. Ingozi iphezulu kwababhemayo abaphuza okungenani isiphuzo esisodwa sotshwala nsuku zonke.

Okulandelayo yizici zokuvikela umdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ukungabhemi

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukungabhemi.

2. Ukuyeka ukubhema

Ababhemayo banganciphisa ingozi yabo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuyeka. Kwababhemayo abelashwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuyeka ukubhema kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu omusha. Ukwelulekwa, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine, kanye nokwelashwa kokucindezeleka kuye kwasiza ababhemayo ukuba bayeke unomphela.

Kumuntu oyekile ukubhema, amathuba okuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ancike ekutheni umuntu ubheme iminyaka emingaki nokuthi ubheme isikhathi esingakanani kanye nesikhathi esingakanani kusukela eyeke ukubhema. Ngemva kokuba umuntu eyeke ukubhema iminyaka eyi-10, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu yehla ngo-30% kuya ku-60%.

Nakuba ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuyeka ukubhema isikhathi eside, ingozi ngeke ibe ncane njengengozi yabantu abangabhemi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi intsha ingaqali ukubhema.

3. Ukuchayeka okuncane ezintweni eziyingozi emsebenzini

Imithetho evikela abasebenzi ekuvezweni yizinto ezibangela umdlavuza, njenge-asbestos, i-arsenic, i-nickel, ne-chromium, ingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imithetho evimbela ukubhema emsebenzini isiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa intuthu ebhemayo.

4. Ukuchayeka okuphansi ku-radon

Ukwehlisa amazinga e-radon kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhema ugwayi. Amazinga aphezulu e-radon emakhaya angancishiswa ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-radon, njengokuvala amakamelo angaphansi komhlaba.

Akucaci ukuthi lokhu okulandelayo kuyayinciphisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ukudla

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abadla izithelo noma imifino eminingi basengozini encane yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalabo abadla inani eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ababhemayo bevame ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuncane kunabangabhemi, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ingozi encishisiwe ibangelwa ukudla okunempilo noma ukungabhemi.

2. Umsebenzi womzimba

Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abakhuthele ngokomzimba basengozini encane yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangabhemi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ababhemayo bevame ukuba namazinga ahlukene okuzivocavoca ngokomzimba kunabangabhemi, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kuthinta yini ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Lokhu okulandelayo akunciphisi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Izithasiselo ze-Beta carotene kubantu abangabhemi

Izifundo zabantu abangabhemi zibonisa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-beta carotene akunciphisi ingozi yabo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

2. Izithasiselo ze-Vitamin E

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-vitamin E akuyithinti ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR62825&type=1