Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ngesikhathi soSuku Lomhlaba Lomdlavuza Wamaphaphu (ngomhla lu-1 kuNcwaba), ake sibheke ukuvinjelwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukugwema izinto eziyingozi kanye nezici zokuzivikela ezikhulayo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile.Izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukubhema, ukukhuluphala, nokungawuvivinyi ngokwanele umzimba.Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungase kusize ekuvimbeleni eminye imidlavuza.Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nokuthi ungawehlisa kanjani amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Okulandelayo yizici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ugwayi, ugwayi, nokubhema amapayipi

Ukubhema ugwayi kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu somdlavuza wamaphaphu.Ugwayi, ugwayi, nokubhema amapayipi konke kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Ukubhema ugwayi kubangela cishe izigameko ezingu-9 kweziyishumi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni kanye neziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi onetiyela ephansi noma i-nicotine ephansi akwehlisi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ucwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngenxa yokubhema ugwayi ayanda ngenani likagwayi ababhenywa ngosuku kanye nenani leminyaka ebhenywayo.Abantu ababhemayo banengozi ephindwe ka-20 yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangabhemi.

2. Intuthu kagwayi

Ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi kagwayi nakho kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu.Intuthu kagwayi intuthu ephuma kugwayi ovuthayo noma omunye umkhiqizo kagwayi, noma okhishwa abantu ababhemayo.Abantu abahogela intuthu kagwayi basengozini efanayo naleyo ebanga umdlavuza nababhemayo, nakuba ngamanani amancane.Ukuhogela intuthu kagwayi kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhema okungahleliwe noma okungenzi lutho.

3. Umlando womndeni

Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu.Abantu abanesihlobo esike baba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu bangase babe namathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangenaso isihlobo esike saba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Ngenxa yokuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuvame ukugijima emindenini futhi amalungu omndeni achayeka ekubhemeni kukagwayi, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ingozi eyandayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu isuka emlandweni womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu noma iphuma entuthuni kagwayi.

4. Ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (human immunodeficiency virus) (HIV), imbangela ye-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Abantu abatheleleke nge-HIV bangase babe nengozi ephindwe kabili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalabo abangatheleleki.Njengoba izinga lokubhema liphakeme kulabo abangenwe i-HIV kunalabo abangenalo igciwane, akucaci ukuthi ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV noma ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi.

5. Izingozi zemvelo

• Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ukuchayeka emisebeni kuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu.Imisebe yebhomu le-athomu, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, kanye ne-radon yimithombo yokuchayeka emisebeni:
• Imisebe yebhomu le-athomu: Ukuchayeka emisebeni ngemva kokuqhuma kwebhomu le-athomu kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Ukwelapha ngemisebe: Ukwelapha ngemisebe esifubeni kungase kusetshenziselwe ukwelapha imidlavuza ethile, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza webele kanye neHodgkin lymphoma.Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa ama-x-reyi, imisebe ye-gamma, noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ezingase zandise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Uma umthamo wemisebe uphezulu owamukelwe, ingozi iyanda.Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe iphezulu ezigulini ezibhemayo kunakwabangabhemi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, njenge-CT scan, kuveza iziguli emisebeni.Izikena ze-CT ezivunguzayo zomthamo ophansi zibeka iziguli emisebeni emincane kunezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-CT.Ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukusetshenziswa kwezikena ze-CT ezivunguzayo ezinedosi ephansi kunganciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe.
• I-Radon: I-Radon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe evela ekuqhekekeni kwe-uranium emadwaleni nasenhlabathini.Ingena emhlabathini, futhi ivuze emoyeni noma emanzini.I-radon ingangena ezindlini ngokusebenzisa imifantu phansi, ezindongeni, noma ezisekelweni, futhi amazinga e-radon angakheka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu egesi ye-radon ekhaya noma emsebenzini anyusa isibalo sabantu abasha abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nenani lokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu aphezulu kwababhemayo abachayeke ku-radon kunakwabangabhemi abachayeka kuyo.Kubantu abangakaze babheme, cishe u-26% wokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokuchayeka kwi-radon.

6. Ukuchayeka emsebenzini

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

• I-Asbestos.
• I-Arsenic.
• I-Chromium.
• I-Nickel.
• I-Beryllium.
• I-Cadmium.
• Itiyela nomleshe.

Lezi zinto zingadala umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abachayeka kuzo emsebenzini futhi abangakaze babheme.Njengoba izinga lokuchayeka kulezi zinto landa, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu nayo iyanda.Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu aphezulu nakakhulu kubantu abachayeka obala nababhemayo.

• Ukungcoliswa komoya: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okungcola komoya kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

7. Izithako ze-beta carotene kubantu ababhema kakhulu

Ukuthatha izithako ze-beta carotene (amaphilisi) kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi kwababhemayo ababhema iphakethe elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku.Ingozi iphezulu kwababhemayo abaphuza okungenani isiphuzo sotshwala esisodwa nsuku zonke.

Okulandelayo yizici ezivikela umdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ukungabhemi

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukungabhemi.

2. Ukuyeka ukubhema

Ababhemayo banganciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuyeka.Kubantu ababhemayo abaye belashelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuyeka ukubhema kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu omusha.Ukwelulekwa, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethatha indawo ye-nicotine, nokwelapha ngemithi yokucindezeleka kuye kwasiza ababhemayo ukuba bayeke unomphela.

Kumuntu oyekile ukubhema, ithuba lokuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu lincike ekutheni ubheme kangakanani iminyaka nokuthi ubheme kangakanani kanye nobude besikhathi kusukela awuyeka.Ngemva kokuba umuntu eyekile ukubhema iminyaka eyi-10, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iyancipha ngo-30% iye ku-60%.

Nakuba ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuyeka ukubhema isikhathi eside, ingozi ayisoze yaba phansi njengengozi kwabangabhemi.Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasha bangaqali ukubhema.

3. Ukuchayeka kancane ezintweni eziyingozi emsebenzini

Imithetho evikela izisebenzi ekuchayekeni izinto ezibangela umdlavuza, njenge-asbestos, i-arsenic, i-nickel, ne-chromium, ingasiza ekwehliseni ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.Imithetho evimbela ukubhema emsebenzini isiza ukwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa ugwayi kagwayi.

4. Ukuchayeka okuphansi ku-radon

Ukunciphisa amazinga e-radon kungase kunciphise ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwababhemi bakagwayi.Amazinga aphezulu e-radon ezindlini angancishiswa ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-radon, njengokuvala amagumbi angaphansi.

Akukacaci uma lokhu okulandelayo kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Ukudla

Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abadla izithelo noma imifino eningi banengozi ephansi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalabo abadla amanani aphansi.Nokho, njengoba ababhemayo bevame ukudla okunempilo kancane kunabangabhemi, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ingozi enciphile ibangelwa ukudla okunempilo noma ukungabhemi.

2. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba

Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abakhuthele ngokomzimba banengozi ephansi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangenawo.Nokho, njengoba ababhemayo bevame ukuba namazinga ahlukene okuzivocavoca kunabangabhemi, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kuyayithinta yini ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Okulandelayo akwehlisi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu:

1. Izithasiselo ze-beta carotene kubantu abangabhemi

Ucwaningo lwabantu abangabhemi lubonisa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-beta carotene akwehlisi ingozi yabo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

2. Izithako ze-Vitamin E

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo zikavithamini E akuphazamisi ubungozi bomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR62825&type=1