Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wesibindi

Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Ngomdlavuza Wesibindi

Umdlavuza wesibindi yisifo lapho amaseli ayingozi (umdlavuza) akheka ezicutshini zesibindi.

Isibindi singesinye sezitho ezinkulu kakhulu emzimbeni.Inama-lobe amabili futhi igcwalisa uhlangothi olungaphezulu kwesokudla sesisu ngaphakathi kwekheji yezimbambo.Imisebenzi emithathu kweminingi ebalulekile yesibindi yile:

• Ukuhlunga izinto eziyingozi egazini ukuze zidlule emzimbeni ngendle kanye nomchamo.
• Ukwenza i-bile ukusiza ukugaya amafutha ekudleni.
• Ukugcina i-glycogen (ushukela), umzimba oyisebenzisela amandla.

Ukuthola nokwelapha umdlavuza wesibindi kusenesikhathi kungase kuvimbele ukufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukungenwa izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo kungadala isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo futhi kungase kubangele umdlavuza wesibindi.

I-Hepatitis ivame ukubangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis.I-Hepatitis yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwesibindi.Ukulimala kwesibindi ngenxa yokusha kwesibindi okuhlala isikhathi eside kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

I-Hepatitis B (HBV) kanye ne-hepatitis C (HCV) yizinhlobo ezimbili zegciwane le-hepatitis.Ukutheleleka okungapheli nge-HBV noma i-HCV kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

1. I-Hepatitis B

I-HBV ibangelwa ukuthinta igazi, isidoda, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba womuntu onegciwane le-HBV.Igciwane lingadlulela kumama liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ngokuthintana nocansi, noma ngokuhlanganyela izinaliti ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa.Kungabangela izibazi zesibindi (i-cirrhosis) ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi.

2. I-Hepatitis C

I-HCV ibangelwa ukuthintana negazi lomuntu onegciwane le-HCV.Ukutheleleka kungasakazwa ngokuhlanganyela izinaliti ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa noma, kancane kancane, ngokuthintana ngokocansi.Esikhathini esidlule, yayisakazwa nangesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba.Namuhla, izindawo zokugcina igazi zihlola lonke igazi elinikelwe ukuze lihlole i-HCV, okwehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola leli gciwane ngokumpontshelwa igazi.Kungabangela izibazi zesibindi (i-cirrhosis) ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wesibindi

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile.Izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukubhema, ukukhuluphala, nokungawuvivinyi ngokwanele umzimba.Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungase kusize ekuvimbeleni eminye imidlavuza.Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nokuthi ungawehlisa kanjani amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B no-C okungapheli yizinto eziyingozi ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuba ne-hepatitis B (HBV) engapheli noma i-hepatitis C (HCV) engapheli kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu kubantu abanako kokubili i-HBV ne-HCV, nakubantu abanezinye izici zobungozi ngaphezu kwegciwane le-hepatitis.Amadoda ane-HBV noma i-HCV engalapheki maningi amathuba okuba abe nomdlavuza wesibindi kunabesifazane abanalesi sifo esingamahlalakhona.

Ukutheleleka nge-HBV okungamahlalakhona kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesibindi e-Asia nase-Afrika.Ukutheleleka kwe-HCV okungapheli kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesibindi eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseJapane.

Okulandelayo ezinye izici eziyingozi ezingase zandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi:

1. I-Cirrhosis

Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesibindi ayanda kubantu abane-cirrhosis, isifo lapho izicubu zesibindi ezinempilo zithathelwa indawo yizicubu ezibomvu.Isibazi esibomvu sivimba ukugeleza kwegazi esibindini futhi sisenze singasebenzi ngendlela okufanele sisebenze ngayo.Ukudakwa okungapheli kanye nezifo zesibindi ezingapheli ziyizimbangela ezivamile ze-cirrhosis.Abantu abane-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-HCV basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi kunabantu abane-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-HBV noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.

2. Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obuningi kungabangela isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, okuyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza wesibindi.Umdlavuza wesibindi ungenzeka nakubasebenzisa utshwala obunzima abangenaso isifo sokuqina kwesibindi.Abasebenzisa utshwala obunzima abanesifo sokusha kwesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi banamathuba aphindwe kashumi okuba nomdlavuza wesibindi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisa utshwala obuningi abangenawo isifo sokusha kwesibindi.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kukhona futhi ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesibindi kubantu abane-HBV noma i-HCV yokutheleleka abasebenzisa utshwala kakhulu.

3. I-Aflatoxin B1

Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesibindi anganda ngokudla ukudla okune-aflatoxin B1 (ubuthi obuvela kukhunta obungakhula ekudleni, okunjengommbila namantongomane, okugcinwe ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama).Ivame kakhulu e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, naseChina.

4. I-steatohepatitis engeyona utshwala (NASH)

I-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yisimo esingabangela izibazi zesibindi (i-cirrhosis) ezingase ziholele kumdlavuza wesibindi.Kuwuhlobo olunzima kakhulu lwesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenalo utshwala (NAFLD), lapho kukhona inani elingavamile lamafutha esibindi.Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungabangela ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) nokulimala kumaseli esibindi.

Ukuba ne-cirrhosis ehlobene ne-NASH kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.Umdlavuza wesibindi utholakale nakubantu abane-NASH abangenaso isifo sokuqina kwesibindi.

5. Ukubhema ugwayi

Ukubhema ugwayi kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wesibindi.Ingozi iyanda ngenani likagwayi elibhenywa ngosuku kanye nenani leminyaka umuntu abhema ngayo.

6. Eminye imibandela

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nezakhi zofuzo ezingavamile zingase zandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.Lezi zimo zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• I-hemochromatosis yofuzo engelashiwe (HH).
• Ukushoda kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
• Isifo sokugcina i-glycogen.
• I-Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
• Isifo sikaWilson.

Izinto ezilandelayo ezivikelayo zinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi:

1. Umuthi wokugomela iHepatitis B

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HBV (ngokugonyelwa i-HBV njengosana olusanda kuzalwa) kuye kwaboniswa kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi ezinganeni.Akukaziwa ukuthi ukugonywa kuyayehlisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi kubantu abadala.

2. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B esingamahlalakhona

Izinketho zokwelapha zabantu abanokutheleleka nge-HBV okungapheli zihlanganisa i-interferon kanye ne-nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy.Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibindi.

3. Ukuncipha kokuchayeka ku-aflatoxin B1

Ukushintsha ukudla okunenani eliphezulu le-aflatoxin B1 ngokudla okunezinga eliphansi kakhulu likashevu kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi.

Umthombo:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1