Lingakanani Ibanga Phakathi Kwamaqhuqhuva Esifuba Nomdlavuza Webele?

Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2020 Global Cancer Burden ekhishwe yi-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),umdlavuza webelekubalwe abantu abasha abayizigidi ezingu-2.26 emhlabeni wonke, bedlula umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngezibalo zawo eziyizigidi ezingu-2.2.Ngesabelo esingu-11.7% samacala amasha omdlavuza, umdlavuza webele uhamba phambili, okwenza ube uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza.Lezi zinombolo zikhulise ukuqwashisa nokukhathazeka kwabesifazane abaningi mayelana namaqhuqhuva wamabele nobuningi bebele.

Okufanele Ukwazi NgamaNodule Ebele
Izigaxa zamabele ngokuvamile zibhekisela ezigangeni noma eziqulwini ezitholakala ebeleni.Iningi lalawa maqhuqhuva ayingozi (awanawo umdlavuza).Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile eziyingozi zihlanganisa izifo zamabele, i-fibroadenomas, ama-cysts alula, i-fat necrosis, izinguquko ze-fibrocystic, kanye ne-intraductal papillomas.
Izimpawu zesixwayiso:

    
Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane lezigaxa zamabele lingaba yingozi (umdlavuza), futhi lingabonisa lokhu okulandelayoizimpawu eziyisixwayiso:

• Usayizi:Amaqhuqhuva amakhulubathambekele ekuvezeni ukukhathazeka kalula.
• Isimo:Amaqhuqhuva anemiphetho engajwayelekile noma emangelengelebabe namathuba aphezulu okuba nesifo esiyingozi.
• Ukuthungwa: Uma i-noduleizizwa iqinile noma inokuthungwa okungalingani lapho ithintwa, uphenyo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazanengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, njengoba ingozi yokugula ikhula ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Breast Nodule kanye Nokubaluleka Kokuhlonzwa Kwangaphambi Komdlavuza Webele
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi nakuba izinga lomdlavuza webele likhula, izinga lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yomdlavuza webele liye lehla emazweni aseNtshonalanga kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuncipha singabalelwa ekwenziweni kahle kokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nezindlela zokwelapha, lapho ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza webele kuyisici esibalulekile.
1. Izindlela Zokuhlola

• Njengamanje, ucwaningo ngomehluko wokuzwela phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezihlukene ikakhulukazi luvela emazweni aseNtshonalanga.Ukuhlolwa kwebele komtholampilo kunokuzwela okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuthwebula izithombe.Phakathi kwezindlela zokuthwebula, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inokuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu, kuyilapho i-mammography ne-breast ultrasound inokuzwela okufanayo.
• I-Mammography inenzuzo eyingqayizivele yokuthola izibalo ezihlobene nomdlavuza webele.
• Ngezilonda ezicutshini zebele eziminyene, i-breast ultrasound inokuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu kune-mammography.
• Ukwengeza isithombe se-ultrasound yebele lonke ku-mammography kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokutholwa komdlavuza webele.
• Umdlavuza webele uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphambi kokuya esikhathini abanokuminyana kakhulu kwamabele.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-mammography ne-ultrasound yebele lonke kunengqondo.
• Ukuze uthole uphawu oluthile lokuphuma kwezingono, i-endoscopy ye-intraductal inganikeza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okuqondile kwesistimu ye-breast duct ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ngaphakathi kwemigudu.
• I-Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) okwamanje ituswa emhlabeni wonke kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, njengalabo abathwala ukuguqulwa kwe-pathogenic kuzakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1/2.

2.Ukuzihlola Ibele Njalo
Ngaphambilini bekukhuthazwa ukuzihlola amabele, kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhomba lokhoakunciphisi ukufa komdlavuza webele.Ushicilelo lwango-2005 lwezinkombandlela ze-American Cancer Society (ACS) alusancomi ukuzihlola kwamabele nyanga zonke njengendlela yokuhlonza umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi.Kodwa-ke, ukuzihlola kwebele okuvamile kusenenzuzo ethile mayelana nokuhlonza umdlavuza webele ezigabeni zakamuva kanye nokuthola umdlavuza okungenzeka phakathi kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

3.Ukubaluleka Kokuhlonza Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi
Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi komdlavuza webele kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.Isibonelo, ukuthola umdlavuza webele ongahlaseli kungagwema isidingo se-chemotherapy.Ngaphezu kwalokho,ukutholwa komdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi kunikeza amathuba engeziwe okwelashwa okonga ibele, okugcina izicubu zebele.Futhi kwandisa amathuba okugwema ukuhlinzwa kwe-axillary lymph node dissection, okungabangela ukukhubazeka kokusebenza ezithweni ezingenhla.Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kuvumela izinketho ezengeziwe ekwelapheni futhi kunciphisa umthelela ongaba khona eqophelweni lempilo.

Izindlela Nemibandela Yokuhlonza Kusenesikhathi
1. Ukuxilongwa Kwangaphambi Kokuqala: Izilonda Zamabele Zakuqala Nokuqinisekiswa Kwe-Pathological
Imiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele kusetshenziswa i-mammography kunganciphisa ingozi yaminyaka yonke yokufa komdlavuza wamabele ngo-20% kuya ku-40%.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezifo

• Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathological kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kwegolide.
• Indlela ngayinye yokuthwebula inezindlela ezihambisanayo zesampula ye-pathological.Njengoba izilonda eziningi ezingenazimpawu ezitholakele ziyingozi, indlela efanelekile kufanele ibe nenembile, ithembeke, futhi ihlasele kancane.
• I-Ultrasound-guided core biopsy yenaliti okwamanje iyindlela ethandwayo, esebenza ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-80%.

3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zokuhlonzwa Kwangaphambi Komdlavuza Webele

• Umqondo omuhle: Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayizibi impilo yebele kodwa futhi ungesabi.Umdlavuza webele yisifo esingelapheki sesimila esisabela kakhulu ekwelashweni.Ngokwelashwa okusebenzayo, izimo eziningi zingakwazi ukuzuza ukuphila kwesikhathi eside.Isihluthulelo siwukuthiukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela womdlavuza webele empilweni.
• Izindlela zokuhlola ezinokwethenjelwa: Ezikhungweni zobuchwepheshe, kunconywa indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izithombe ze-ultrasound kanye ne-mammography.
• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Kusukela eminyakeni engu-35 kuya kwengama-40, kunconywa ukuba uhlolwe ibele njalo ngemva konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili.