"Umdlavuza" "idemoni" elesabekayo kakhulu kwezokwelapha zesimanje.Abantu baya ngokuya benaka ukuhlolelwa nokuvikela umdlavuza."Omaka be-tumor," njengethuluzi eliqondile lokuxilonga, sebeyindawo yokugxila.Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela kuphela kumaka wesimila aphakeme ngokuvamile kungaholela embonweni oyiphutha mayelana nesimo sangempela.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-Tumor?
Kalula nje, izimpawu zesimila zibhekisela kumaprotheni ahlukahlukene, ama-carbohydrate, ama-enzyme, namahomoni akhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu.Izimpawu zesimila zingasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi okuhlola ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza kusenesikhathi.Kodwa-ke, inani lomtholampilo lomphumela owodwa wophawu lwesimila ophakeme kancane lilinganiselwe.Emisebenzini yomtholampilo, izimo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezifo, ukuvuvukala, nokukhulelwa kungabangela ukwanda kwezimpawu zesimila.Ukwengeza, imikhuba engemihle yendlela yokuphila enjengokubhema, ukuphuza utshwala, nokuhlala kuze kube sebusuku nakho kungaholela emazingeni aphakeme wesimila.Ngakho-ke, odokotela bavamise ukunaka kakhulu ukuthambekela kokushintsha komaka wesimila phakathi nesikhathi kunokuguquguquka okuncane kumphumela wokuhlolwa owodwa.Kodwa-ke, uma umaka othile wesimila, njenge-CEA noma i-AFP (omaka okukhethekile wesimila somdlavuza wamaphaphu nesibindi), uphakeme kakhulu, ufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa noma amashumi ezinkulungwane, ugunyaza ukunakwa nophenyo olwengeziwe.
Ukubaluleka Kwezimpawu Zethumba Ekuhloleni Umdlavuza Ngaphambi Kokuqala
Omaka be-tumor akubona ubufakazi obuphelele bokuxilonga umdlavuza, kodwa basabambe ukubaluleka okubalulekile ekuhlolweni komdlavuza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Ezinye izimpawu zesimila ziyazwela, njenge-AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) yomdlavuza wesibindi.Emisebenzini yomtholampilo, ukuphakama okungavamile kwe-AFP, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe kanye nomlando wesifo sesibindi, kungasetshenziswa njengobufakazi bokuxilonga umdlavuza wesibindi.Ngokufanayo, ezinye izimpawu zesimila eziphakeme zingabonisa ukuba khona kwezimila kumuntu ohlolwayo.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi konke ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kufanele kufake nokuhlolwa komaka isimila.Sincomaukuhlolwa kwe-tumor marker ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu abanomlando wokubhema kakhulu (isikhathi sokubhema siphindaphindwa ngogwayi ababhenywa ngosuku > 400).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu abasebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izifo zesibindi (njenge-hepatitis A, B, C, noma i-cirrhosis).
- Abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu abanokutheleleka nge-Helicobacter pylori esiswini noma i-gastritis engapheli.
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza (isihlobo esingaphezu kwesisodwa segazi esitholwe sinohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza).
Iqhaza Lama-Tumor Markers Ekwelapheni Umdlavuza We-Adjuvant
Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinguquko kumaka wesimila kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi odokotela balungise amasu abo okuvimbela umdlavuza futhi balawule inqubo yokwelapha iyonke.Eqinisweni, imiphumela yokuhlolwa komaka yesimila iyahlukahluka ngesiguli ngasinye.Ezinye iziguli zingaba nezimpawu zesimila ezijwayelekile ngokuphelele, kanti ezinye zingase zibe namazinga afinyelela emashumini noma amakhulu ezinkulungwane.Lokhu kusho ukuthi asinazo izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukala izinguquko zabo.Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukuhluka okuhlukile komaka wesimila okuqondene nesiguli ngasinye kwakha isisekelo sokuhlola ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zesimila.
Isistimu yokuhlola ethembekile kufanele ibe nezici ezimbili:"Specific"futhi"ukuzwela":
Ukucaciswa:Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni izinguquko kumaka wesimila ziyahambisana yini nesimo sesiguli.
Isibonelo, uma sithola ukuthi i-AFP (i-alpha-fetoprotein, umaka othile wesimila somdlavuza wesibindi) yesiguli esinomdlavuza wesibindi ingaphezu kwebanga elijwayelekile, umaka waso wesimila ubonisa “okukhethekile.”Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-AFP yesiguli somdlavuza wamaphaphu idlula uhla olujwayelekile, noma uma umuntu onempilo ene-AFP ephakeme, ukuphakama kwabo kwe-AFP akubonisi ukucaciswa.
Ukuzwela:Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ingabe izimpawu zesimila zesiguli ziyashintsha yini ngokuqhubeka kwesimila.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqapha okunamandla, uma sibona ukuthi i-CEA (i-carcinoembryonic antigen, umaka othile wesimila womdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane) yesiguli somdlavuza wamaphaphu iyanda noma yehla kanye nezinguquko kusayizi wesimila, futhi ilandela inkambiso yokwelashwa, singanquma ngaphambilini ukuzwela komaka wabo wesimila.
Lapho izimpawu zesimila ezinokwethenjelwa (ezinakho kokubili ukucaciswa nokuzwela) sezisunguliwe, iziguli nodokotela bangenza ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kwesimo sesiguli ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni ezithile zomaka isimila.Le ndlela inenani elibalulekile kodokotela ukuze bakhe izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezinembile futhi bahlanganise izindlela zokwelapha eziqondene nawe.
Iziguli zingasebenzisa futhi izinguquko eziguquguqukayo kumaka azo amathumba ukuze zihlole ukumelana kwemithi ethile futhi zigweme ukuqhubeka kwesifo ngenxa yokungazweli emuthini.Nokho,kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa izimpawu zesimila ukuhlola isimo sesiguli kuyindlela yokwengeza yodokotela ekulweni nomdlavuza futhi akufanele kuthathwe njengokuthatha indawo yezinga legolide lokunakekelwa kokulandelela—ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha (okuhlanganisa ne-CT scan. , i-MRI, i-PET-CT, njll.).
Izimpawu Zethumba Ezivamile: Ziyini?
I-AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein):
I-Alpha-fetoprotein iyi-glycoprotein evame ukukhiqizwa ngamaseli e-embryonic stem.Amazinga aphakeme angabonisa izifo ezinjengomdlavuza wesibindi.
I-CEA (i-Carcinoembryonic Antigen):
Amazinga aphakeme e-carcinoembryonic antigen angase abonise izifo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza we-colorectal, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza wesisu, nomdlavuza webele.
I-CA 199 (I-Carbohydrate Antigen 199):
Amazinga aphezulu e-carbohydrate antigen 199 avame ukubonakala kumdlavuza we-pancreatic nezinye izifo ezinjengomdlavuza we-gallbladder, umdlavuza wesibindi, nomdlavuza wekoloni.
I-CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125):
I-Cancer antigen 125 isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengethuluzi lokuxilonga elisizayo lomdlavuza wesibeletho futhi ingatholakala nakumdlavuza webele, umdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nomdlavuza wesisu.
I-TA 153 (Tumor Antigen 153):
Amazinga aphezulu e-tumor antigen 153 avame ukubonakala kumdlavuza webele futhi angatholakala kumdlavuza wesibeletho, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi.
I-CA 50 (Cancer Antigen 50):
I-Cancer antigen 50 iwuphawu olungaqondile lwesimila olusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengethuluzi lokuxilonga elisizayo lomdlavuza we-pancreatic, umdlavuza we-colorectal, umdlavuza wesisu, nezinye izifo.
I-CA 242 (I-Carbohydrate Antigen 242):
Umphumela omuhle we-carbohydrate antigen 242 ngokuvamile uhlotshaniswa nezimila zomgudu wokugaya ukudla.
I-β2-Microglobulin:
I-β2-microglobulin isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-renal tubular futhi ingakhula ezigulini ezinokwehluleka kwezinso, ukuvuvukala, noma izimila.
I-Serum Ferritin:
Ukuncipha kwamazinga e-serum ferritin kungabonakala ezimeni ezifana ne-anemia, kuyilapho amazinga akhuphukayo angabonakala ezifweni ezifana ne-leukemia, isifo sesibindi, kanye nezimila ezimbi.
I-NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase):
I-Neuron-specific enolase iyiphrotheni etholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-neurons namaseli e-neuroendocrine.Iwuphawu lwesimila olubucayi lomdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane.
I-hCG (I-Gonadotropin Ye-Chorionic Yomuntu):
I-chorionic gonadotropin yomuntu iyihomoni ehambisana nokukhulelwa.Amazinga aphakeme angabonisa ukukhulelwa, kanye nezifo ezifana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye nezimila zamasende.
I-TNF (I-Tumor Necrosis Factor):
I-Tumor necrosis factor ibandakanyeka ekubulaleni amaseli e-tumor, ukulawulwa kokuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokusabela kokuvuvukala.Amazinga anyukile angase ahlotshaniswe nezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezizimele futhi angabonisa ingozi engaba khona yesimila.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2023