I-Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Ulwazi Olujwayelekile NgeCancer Colorectal

Umdlavuza we-Colorectal yisifo lapho amaseli ayingozi (umdlavuza) akheka ezicutshini zekholoni noma i-rectum.
Ikholoni liyingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokugaya ukudla.Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lukhipha futhi lusebenze imisoco (amavithamini, amaminerali, amakhabhohayidrethi, amafutha, amaprotheni, namanzi) ekudleni futhi lusize ukukhipha udoti emzimbeni.Isimiso sokugaya ukudla sakhiwe ngomlomo, umphimbo, umminzo, isisu, namathumbu amancane namakhulu.Ikholoni (ithumbu elikhulu) liyingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amakhulu futhi licishe libe ngamafidi amahlanu ubude.Ngokuhlangene, i-rectum ne-anal canal yenza ingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu futhi ingamayintshi angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ubude.I-anal canal iphelela ku-anus (ukuvulwa kwamathumbu amakhulu ngaphandle komzimba).

I-Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Ukugwema izici eziyingozi nokwandisa izici zokuzivikela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza.
Ukugwema izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza othile.Izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukubhema, ukukhuluphala, nokungawuvivinyi ngokwanele umzimba.Ukwandisa izici zokuzivikela njengokuyeka ukubhema nokuzivocavoca kungase kusize ekuvimbeleni eminye imidlavuza.Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo mayelana nokuthi ungawehlisa kanjani amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.

Izici eziyingozi ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Ubudala

Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wekoloni ayanda ngemva kweminyaka engama-50. Izigameko eziningi zomdlavuza wesikhumba zitholwa ngemva kweminyaka engama-50.

2. Umlando womndeni womdlavuza we-colorectal
Ukuba nomzali, umfowethu, udadewenu, noma ingane enomdlavuza we-colorectal kuphinda kabili ingozi yomuntu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba.

3. Umlando womuntu siqu
Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu wezimo ezilandelayo kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

• Umdlavuza we-colorectal wangaphambilini.
• I-adenomas enobungozi obukhulu (ama-polyp anemibala ayisentimitha elingu-1 noma ngaphezulu ngosayizi noma anamaseli abukeka engajwayelekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu).
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Izifo zamathumbu okuvuvukala (njenge-ulcerative colitis noma isifo sikaCrohn).

4. Ubungozi obuzuzwe njengefa

Ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal iyanda lapho izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezixhunywe ku-familia adenomatous polyposis (FAP) noma umdlavuza wekoloni we-hereditary nonpolyposis (HNPCC noma i-Lynch Syndrome) zitholwa njengefa.

5. Utshwala

Ukuphuza uphuzo oludakayo olu-3 noma ngaphezulu ngosuku kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.Ukuphuza utshwala kuphinde kuhlotshaniswe nobungozi bokwenza ama-colorectal adenomas (izimila eziyingozi).

6. Ukubhema ugwayi
Ukubhema ugwayi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-colorectal nokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wekoloni.
Ukubhema ugwayi kuphinde kuhlotshaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yokwenza i-colorectal adenomas.Ababhemayo ugwayi abaye bahlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe i-colorectal adenomas basengozini eyengeziwe yokuba i-adenomas iphinde iphinde (ibuye).

7. Ubuhlanga
Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal nokufa komdlavuza we-colorectal uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga.

8. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza we-colorectal kanye nokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza wekoloni.

Izinto ezilandelayo ezivikelayo zinciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Umsebenzi womzimba

Indlela yokuphila ehlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba njalo ixhunyaniswe nokuncipha kwengozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.

2. I-Aspirin
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphuza i-aspirin kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal kanye nengozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wekoloni.Ukwehla kwengozi kuqala eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20 ngemuva kokuba iziguli ziqale ukuphuza i-aspirin.
Izingozi ezingaba khona zokusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin (100 mg noma ngaphansi) nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku zihlanganisa ukwanda kwengozi yokushaywa unhlangothi nokopha esiswini nasemathunjini.Lezi zingozi zingase zibe nkulu kubantu asebekhulile, amadoda, nalabo abanezimo ezixhunyaniswa nengozi engaphezu kwevamile yokopha.

3. Inhlanganisela yokwelapha yokubuyisela i-hormone
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ehlanganisa kokubili i-estrogen ne-progestin yehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal ohlaselayo kwabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini.
Kodwa-ke, kwabesifazane abathatha i-HRT eyinhlanganisela futhi ababa nomdlavuza wekoloni, umdlavuza usemathubeni amaningi okuthi uthuthuke lapho utholwa futhi nengozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wesikhumba awehli.
Izingozi ezingaba khona zenhlanganisela ye-HRT ihlanganisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokuba:

• Umdlavuza webele.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Amahlule egazi.

4. Ukususwa kwe-polyp
Iningi lama-polyp e-colorectal ama-adenomas, angase abe umdlavuza.Ukukhipha ama-polyp anemibala emikhulu kunesentimitha elingu-1 (usayizi wephizi) kungehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni.Akwaziwa ukuthi uma ukususa ama-polyps amancane kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Izingozi ezingenzeka zokususwa kwe-polyp ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy noma i-sigmoidoscopy zihlanganisa ukudabuka odongeni lwekholoni nokopha.

Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe okulandelayo kuyayithinta yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) ngaphandle kwe-aspirin
Akwaziwa uma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala noma ama-NSAID (njenge-sulindac, i-celecoxib, i-naproxen, ne-ibuprofen) kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukuthatha isidakamizwa esilwa nokuvuvuka kwe-nonsteroidal i-celecoxib kunciphisa ubungozi bokubuya kwe-colorectal adenomas (benign tumors) ngemva kokususwa.Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuphumela engcupheni ephansi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Ukuthatha i-sulindac noma i-celecoxib kukhonjiswe ukunciphisa inani nosayizi wama-polyp akha kukholoni kanye ne-rectum yabantu abane-familia adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuphumela engcupheni ephansi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.
Izingozi ezingenzeka ze-NSAID zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zezinso.
• Ukopha esiswini, emathunjini, noma ebuchosheni.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo eqinile.

2. I-calcium
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium kwehlisa yini ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.

3. Ukudla
Akwaziwa ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amancane kanye nenyama kanye ne-fiber eningi, izithelo, nemifino kwehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni.
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, amaprotheni, ama-calories, nenyama kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal, kodwa ezinye izifundo azizange.

Izinto ezilandelayo azithinti ubungozi bomdlavuza we-colorectal:

1. Ukwelashwa esikhundleni se-hormone nge-estrogen kuphela
Ukwelashwa esikhundleni sama-hormone nge-estrogen kuphela akwehlisi ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal ohlaselayo noma ingozi yokubulawa umdlavuza wekoloni.

2. Ama-statins
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha ama-statins (izidakamizwa ezehlisa i-cholesterol) awanyusi noma anciphise ingozi yomdlavuza we-colorectal.

Izivivinyo zokuvikela umdlavuza zisetshenziselwa ukutadisha izindlela zokuvimbela umdlavuza.
Izivivinyo zokuvikela umdlavuza zisetshenziselwa ukutadisha izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yokuba nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.Ezinye izivivinyo zokuvimbela umdlavuza zenziwa nabantu abanempilo abangenawo umdlavuza kodwa abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza.Ezinye izivivinyo zokuvikela zenziwa nabantu abake baba nomdlavuza futhi abazama ukuvimbela omunye umdlavuza wohlobo olufanayo noma ukwehlisa amathuba okuba nohlobo olusha lomdlavuza.Ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa ngamavolontiya anempilo akwaziwa ukuthi anezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza.
Inhloso yolunye ucwaningo lokuvikela umdlavuza ukuthola ukuthi izinyathelo ezithathwa ngabantu zingawuvikela yini umdlavuza.Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuzivocavoca okwengeziwe noma ukuyeka ukubhema noma ukuphuza imithi ethile, amavithamini, amaminerali, noma izithasiselo zokudla.
Izindlela ezintsha zokuvimbela umdlavuza we-colorectal ziyafundwa ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo.

Umthombo: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1